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.This dialog box has two tabs:&' Patterns: Changes the line style, width, and color&' Scale: Adjusts the scale used on the axis 21 539671 ch17.qxd 8/28/03 10:03 AM Page 382Part III &' Creating Charts and Graphics382Modifying the axesCharts vary in the number of axes that they use.Pie and doughnut charts have noaxes.All 2-D charts have two axes (three, if you use a secondary-value axis; four, ifyou use a secondary-category axis in an XY chart).True 3-D charts have three axes.Excel gives you a lot of control over these axes.To modify any aspect of an axis,double-click the axis to access its Format Axis dialog box, which has five tabs:&' Patterns: Change the axis line width, tick marks, and placement of tick-marklabels&' Scale: Adjust the minimum and maximum axis values, units for major andminor gridlines, and other properties&' Font: Adjust the font used for the axis labels&' Number: Adjust the number format for the axis labels&' Alignment: Specify the orientation for the axis labelsBecause the axes s properties can dramatically affect the chart s look, the Patternsand Scale dialog-box tabs are discussed separately, in the following sections.Modifying the axes patternsThe Patterns tab of the Format Axis dialog box enables you to modify variousattributes of a chart s axes.This tab has four sections:&' Lines: Controls the line characteristics of the axis (the style, color, and weightof the line).&' Major Tick Mark Type: Controls how the major tick marks appear.You canselect None (no tick marks), Inside (inside the axis), Outside (outside theaxis), or Cross (on both sides of the axis).&' Minor Tick Mark Type: Controls how the minor tick marks appear.You canselect the same options as for the major tick marks.&' Tick Mark Labels: Controls where the axis labels appear.Normally, the labelsappear next to the axis.You can, however, specify that the labels appear High(at the top of the chart), Low (at the bottom of the chart), or not at all (None).These options are useful when the axis doesn t appear in its normal positionat the edge of the Plot Area.NoteMajor tick marks are the axis tick marks that normally have labels next to them.Minor tick marks are between the major tick marks.Modifying the axes scalesAdjusting the scale of a value axis can dramatically affect the chart s appearance.Manipulating the scale, in some cases, can present a false picture of the data.Theactual scale that you use depends on the situation.No hard-and-fast rules exist 21 539671 ch17.qxd 8/28/03 10:03 AM Page 383Chapter 17 &' Learning Advanced Charting383about scale, except that you shouldn t misrepresent data by manipulating the chartto prove a point that doesn t exist.TipIf you re preparing several charts that use similarly scaled data, keeping the scalesthe same is a good idea so that the charts can be compared more easily.Excel automatically determines the scale for your charts.You can, however, over-ride Excel s choice in the Scale tab of the Format Axis dialog box (as shown inFigure 17-5).Figure 17-5: Use the Scale tab of theFormat Axis dialog box to control thevalues used on the axis.NoteThe Scale tab varies, depending on which axis is selected.This dialog box offers the following options:&' Minimum: Enter a minimum value for the axis.If the check box is checked,Excel determines this value automatically.&' Maximum: Enter a maximum value for the axis.If the check box is checked,Excel determines this value automatically.&' Major Unit: Enter the number of units between major tick marks.If the checkbox is checked, Excel determines this value automatically.&' Minor Unit: Enter the number of units between minor tick marks.If the checkbox is checked, Excel determines this value automatically.&' Category (X) Axis Crosses At: Position the axis at a different location.Bydefault, it s at the edge of the Plot Area. 21 539671 ch17.qxd 8/28/03 10:03 AM Page 384Part III &' Creating Charts and Graphics384&' Display Units: Select the unit of measure.&' Show Display Units Label on Chart: Toggle display of the unit on or off.&' Logarithmic Scale: Use a logarithmic scale for the axes.A log scale primarily isuseful for scientific applications in which the values to plot have an extremelylarge range.You receive an error message if the scale includes 0 or negativevalues.&' Values in Reverse Order: Make the scale values extend in the opposite direc-tion.For a value axis, for example, selecting this option displays the smallestscale value at the top and the largest at the bottom (the opposite of how itnormally appears).&' Category (X) Axis Crosses at Maximum Value: Position the axes at the maxi-mum value of the perpendicular axis.(Normally, the axis is positioned at theminimum value of the perpendicular axis.)Working with time-based axesWhen you create a chart, Excel is smart enough to know whether your categoryaxis contains date or time values.If so, it creates a time-series chart.Figure 17-6shows a simple example.Column A contains dates, and column B contains the val-ues plotted in the column chart.The data consists of values for only 10 dates, yetExcel created the chart with 31 intervals on the category axis.It recognized that thecategory axis values were dates and created an equal-interval scale.Figure 17-6: Excel recognizes dates and creates atime-based category axis
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