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.Consortium (ISC)2ImplementationA nonprofit consortium for training and certifyingIKE works in two phases:information security (infosec) professionals.Ï% Phase 1: Mutual authentication of the two end-Overviewpoints is performed using the preshared key, andSince 1989 the International Information Systemstwo unique session keys are generated: an encrypSecurity Certification Consortium (ISC)2 has been thetion key and an integrity key.The preshared keyleading organization for certifying information securitymay be a shared secret key, a public encryption key,professionals.The (ISC)2 administers the respected Certior a public signature-only key.The key exchangefied Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP)process can be performed two ways: aggressiveand System Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP) stanmode or main mode.dards, certifications that require years of field experienceIand passing rigorous exams to acquire.The (ISC)2 alsoÏ% Phase 2: A security association (SA) is establishedpartners with other institutions, including the Informationbetween the endpoints using a key exchange proSystem Security Association (ISSA) and various acacess called quick mode, which negotiates thedemic and national information security organizations.method used to encrypt information for secure communication between the endpoints.For More InformationVisit www.isc2.org for more information.1Pre-shared keySee Also: Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP), Information Systems Security AssociaMutual authentication2tion (ISSA), System Security Certified Practitioner using IKE(SSCP)3Session key used forInternet Key Exchange (IKE)encryption/decryptionThe key management protocol used by Internet Protocol Security (IPSec).4Security association (SA)OverviewInternet Key Exchange (IKE) defines methods for theInternet Key Exchange (IKE).How IKE uses a presharedkey to generate a unique session key.endpoints of an intended IPSec session to mutuallyauthenticate one another.IKE is a complex specificaIssuestion that involves several pieces:IKE suffers from several shortcomings that have plaguedit since inception.These issues include the following:Ï% Domain of Interpretation (DOI), defined inRFC 2407Ï% The high degree of complexity and even obscurityof portions of the Internet Engineering Task ForceÏ% Internet Security Association and Key Management(IETF) standards defining IKE have resulted inProtocol (ISAKMP), defined in RFC 2408interoperability problems with implementationsÏ% IKE itself, defined in RFC 2409from different vendors.Ï% OAKLEY, defined in RFC 2412148 Internet Key Exchange version 2 (IKEv2) Internet Protocol Security (IPSec)Ï% The chatty nature of the negotiation methods used vendor interoperability problems that have affectedby IKE makes IPSec sessions vulnerable to denial IKE since its inception.of service (DoS) attacks.See Also: Internet Key Exchange (IKE), Internet ProtoAs a result of these shortcomings, the IETF has been con col Security (IPSec), Just Fast Keying (JFK)sidering various replacements for IKE, including these:Internet ProtocolÏ% Internet Key Exchange version 2 (IKEv2)Security (IPSec)Ï% Just Fast Keying (JFK)Security extensions for Internet Protocol (IP).Ï% SigmaOverviewThese replacements simplify IKE by reducing the numInternet Protocol Security (IPSec) is a suite ofber of features and restricting various options, resultingnetwork-layer protocols that extends IP by providingin key exchange methods that are more restrictive butmechanisms for authentication, confidentiality, andsimpler to implement.For example, the replacementsintegrity in IP communications.With the use of IPSec, aIwill eliminate support for preshared keys and will sup-communication session between two hosts can beport only digital signatures for authentication (IKEencrypted in a way that is transparent to applicationsallows preshared keys and supports other authenticationrunning on the hosts.IPSec is widely used for implemethods such as Remote Authentication Dial-In Usermenting virtual private networks (VPNs) and in placesService protocol, or RADIUS, and electronic tokens).where information security is a high priority.The result should be safer virtual private networksImplementation(VPNs) since there will be less opportunity for the kindIPSec has two security protocols that can be impleof configuration errors that can happen because ofmented separately or together:IKE s complexity.Ï% Authentication Header (AH): Performs authentiSee Also: Internet Key Exchange version 2 (IKEv2),cation of sender only.Authentication can be per-Internet Protocol Security (IPSec), Just Fast Keyingformed using Message Digest 5 (MD5), hash-based(JFK)message authentication code (HMAC), or SecureHash Algorithm-1 (SHA-1).Internet Key ExchangeÏ% Encapsulating Security Protocol (ESP): Performsversion 2 (IKEv2)both authentication of sender and encryption of data.A proposed replacement for Internet Key ExchangeAuthentication can be performed using the algo(IKE)
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