Redhat Linux 7.2 Bible

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.log Contains messages related to system services starting and stopping when Linux boots upand shuts down, respectively."cron Contains messages output by the cron command (which is used to run tasks at set times).Here you can see when tasks start and any error conditions that may have occurred."dmesg Contains boot-up messages that can be useful in debugging hardware failures.(You canrun the dmesg command to see these messages.)"maillog Activities of the sendmail daemon (which forwards e-mail to other computers) are loggedin this file."messages Messages associated with many daemon processes are directed to the messages file."secure Contains messages that may indicate security breeches.Connections from remote hosts arelogged, as are attempts to log in to your system."xferlog Shows which files have been transferred to and from your FTP server.Besides these files, messages are also directed to several directories located in the /var/log directory.Thesedirectories include:"httpd Messages from the Apache Web server are logged to files in this directory."news Messages related to the Internet News service (INN)."samba Messages from the Samba service, for sharing files and printers with Windows systems."uucp Messages from the UNIX-to-UNIX copy (uucp) facility are stored here.Using other administrative loginsYou don t hear much about other administrative logins (besides root) being used with Red Hat Linux.It was afairly common practice in UNIX systems to have several different administrative logins that allowedadministrative tasks to be split among several users.For example, a person sitting near a printer could have lppermissions to move print jobs to another printer if they knew a printer wasn t working.These logins areavailable with Linux, however, so you may want to look into using them.Tip Because most Red Hat Linux administrative features are expected to be administered by the root user,e-mail for other administrative accounts is routed to the root user.If you want other administrative usersto receive their own e-mail, delete the aliases for those users from the /etc/aliases file.Here are the administrative logins that are configured automatically for Linux systems.By tradition, theselogins are assigned UID numbers under 100.These logins have no passwords by default, so you can t use anyadministrative login separately until you assign it a password.To make an administrative login useful, youmay need to change permissions of some executables, spool files, and log files so that they are owned by theadministrative login:"lp This user can control some printing features.Having a separate lp administrator allows someoneother than the super user to do such things as move or remove lp logs and print spool files.The homedirectory for lp is /var/spool/lpd."mail This user can work with administrative e-mail features.The mail group has grouppermissions to use mail files in /var/spool/mail (which is also the mail user s home directory)."uucp This user owns various uucp commands (once used as the primary method for dial-up serialcommunications).It is the owner of log files in /var/log/uucp, spool files in /var/spool, administrativecommands (such as uuchk, uucico, uuconv, and uuxqt) in /usr/sbin, and user commands (uucp, cu,uuname, uustat, and uux) in /usr/bin.The home directory for uucp is /var/spool/uucp."bin This user owns many commands in /bin in traditional UNIX systems.This is not the case inRed Hat Linux, because root tends to own most executable files.The home directory of bin is /bin."news This user could be used to do administration of Internet news services, depending on howyou set permission for /var/spool/news and other news-related resources.The home directory fornews is /var/spool/news.Getting to Know Your SystemKnowing how your Red Hat Linux system is set up will help you with your task of administering that system.This is especially true if you did not set up the system yourself.This section covers a few commands you canrun to understand how a Linux system is configured.Hostname and Linux versionThe uname command can print some basic information about your Linux system.This information caninclude:"Operating system name (i.e., Linux)"System s host name"Linux release number"Current date and time"Processor typeThe following is an example of the uname -a command (the -a prints all the information at once):$ uname -aLinux mycomputer 2.4.6-3.1 #1 Sat Oct 27 19:09:11 EDT 2001 i686 unknownThe system s hostname is used to identify your computer (in particular, it is used by remote systems to contactyou over a network).The Linux release number (2.4.6-3.1) identifies the release of the Linux kernel that youhave installed.Check this number to make sure you have the latest kernel.You can change your computer name using the hostname command as follows:# hostname yourcomputerThe hostname is read automatically by different programs that need to indicate what computer is being used.For example, your shell command line prompt probably automatically displays the hostname [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]

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