Linux from Scratch

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././bin/install installContentsThe Fileutils package contains the chgrp, chmod, chown, cp, dd, df, dir, dircolors, du, install, ln, ls, mkdir,mkfifo, mknod, mv, rm, rmdir, sync, touch and vdir programs.Descriptionchgrpchgrp changes the group ownership of each given file to the named group, which can be either a group nameor a numeric group ID.chmodchmod changes the permissions of each given file according to mode, which can be either a symbolicrepresentation of changes to make, or an octal number representing the bit pattern for the new permissions.chownchown changes the user and/or group ownership of each given file.Installing Fileutils 136Linux From Scratchcpcp copies files from one place to another.dddd copies a file (from the standard input to the standard output, by default) with a user-selectable blocksize,while optionally performing conversions on it.dfdf displays the amount of disk space available on the filesystem containing each file name argument.If nofile name is given, the space available on all currently mounted filesystems is shown.ls, dir and vdirdir and vdir are versions of ls with different default output formats.These programs list each given file ordirectory name.Directory contents are sorted alphabetically.For ls, files are by default listed in columns,sorted vertically, if the standard output is a terminal; otherwise they are listed one per line.For dir, files areby default listed in columns, sorted vertically.For vdir, files are by default listed in long format.dircolorsdircolors outputs commands to set the LS_COLOR environment variable.The LS_COLOR variable is use tochange the default color scheme used by ls and related utilities.dudu displays the amount of disk space used by each argument and for each subdirectory of directory arguments.installinstall copies files and sets their permission modes and, if possible, their owner and group.lnln makes hard or soft (symbolic) links between files.cp 137Linux From Scratchmkdirmkdir creates directories with a given name.mkfifomkfifo creates a FIFO with each given name.mknodmknod creates a FIFO, character special file, or block special file with the given file name.mvmv moves files from one directory to another or renames files, depending on the arguments given to mv.rmrm removes files or directories.rmdirrmdir removes directories, if they are empty.syncsync forces changed blocks to disk and updates the super block.touchtouch changes the access and modification times of each given file to the current time.Files that do not existare created empty.mkdir 138Installing GrepInstallation of GrepInstall Grep by running the following commands:root:grep-2.4.2#./configure --prefix=/usrroot:grep-2.4.2# makeroot:grep-2.4.2# make installContentsThe grep package contains the egrep, fgrep and grep programs.Descriptionegrepegrep prints lines from files matching an extended regular expression pattern.fgrepfgrep prints lines from files matching a list of fixed strings, separated by newlines, any of which is to bematched.grepgrep prints lines from files matching a basic regular expression pattern.Installing Grep 139Installing GzipInstallation of GzipInstall Gzip by running the following commands:root:gzip-1.2.4a#./configure --prefix=/usrroot:gzip-1.2.4a# makeroot:gzip-1.2.4a# make installroot:gzip-1.2.4a# cd /usr/binroot:bin# mv gzip /binroot:bin# rm gunzip /bin/gunziproot:bin# cd /binroot:bin# ln -s gzip gunzipContentsThe Gzip package contains the gunzip, gzexe, gzip, zcat, zcmp, zdiff, zforece, zgrep, zmore and znewprograms.Descriptiongunzipgunzip decompresses files that are compressed with gzip.gzexegzexe allows you to compress executables in place and have them automatically uncompress and executewhen you run them (at a penalty in performance).gzipgzip reduces the size of the named files using Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77).Installing Gzip 140Linux From Scratchzcatzcat uncompresses either a list of files on the command line or its standard input and writes the uncompresseddata on standard outputzcmpzcmp invokes the cmp program on compressed files.zdiffzdiff invokes the diff program on compressed files.zforcezforce forces a.gz extension on all gzip files so that gzip will not compress them twice.This can be useful forfiles with names truncated after a file transfer.zgrepzgrep invokes the grep program on compressed files.zmoreZmore is a filter which allows examination of compressed or plain text files one screenful at a time on asoft-copy terminal (similar to the more program).znewZnew recompresses files from.Z (compress) format to.gz (gzip) format.zcat 141Installing LdsoInstallation of Ld.soInstall Ld.so by running the following commands:root:ld.so-1.9.9# cd utilroot:util# make ldd ldconfigroot:util# cp ldd /binroot:util# cp ldconfig /sbinroot:util# cd./manroot:man# cp ldd.1 /usr/share/man/man1root:man# cp * [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]

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