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.After descending the ridge, we gotout of the snow belt for a while but all the way to Sidney 125 miles,we had it in belts alternating with zones of bare prairie.The night remained bitter cold.The second driver suggested thatI cuddle down in the boot under his feet a suggestion I gladly ad-opted and thus escaped much cold and exhaustion.Indeed, I dozeda little in perfect security and awakened at Snake creek ranch wheresuch as felt the need of it had a chance to get a cup of coffee at 4 inthe morning.No one improved the opportunity, all being anxiousto hurry through the journey.I gave this second driver a liberal al-lowance of whiskey which I knew would get out to the cracker ofhis whip and keep the team from lazying.With good luck and nodilatoriness, we could catch the U.P.train for Omaha and that waswhat each one hoped and prayed for.November 9 1880.We breakfasted at Red Willow a ranch of whichI ll not say much, as I think I have described it before in some of mynumerous trips over this Black-Hills & Sidney road.It is the usualtype of a frontier stage-station; a log-house one general room or bar , filled up with red-hot wood stove in the center around whichare gathered a cluster of men in all kinds of rough garb.I can t tellwhat they do, I only know that no matter what may be the hourof your arrival at the station, you ll find them there and alwaysoccupied in the same task, viz; frescoing the floor with designs intobacco-juice.Upon the walls, you can see almost the one set of advertisements;there is the card of the North-Western Rail Way the only line totake when you want to go from Chicago to Omaha; then you see thecard of the Burlington, the only line to take when making the same FORT NIOBRARA AND THE NEW AGENCIES 147journey, but if you rub your eyes a little and peer through the mistof rum-laded breaths and tobacco smoke, you will learn that theRock-island is the only line you should patronize. Buy the Dozier-Weyl Crackers Use Yerba Buena Bitters and try Sozodont, fillup the walls pretty well in the matter of decorations.The bar occupies one side of the apartment: cut-throat whiskey,Sardines, canned peaches, plug tobacco and a sleepy-looking, dirtyfaced bartender complete that picture.The last corner is filled withbuffalo overcoats and canvas jumpers lying on the floor and witha tin wash-basin and a wooden tripod, close to which are a piece ofrosin soap, and a dirty rag doing duty as a towel and a comb, everytooth of which is broken or decrepit.These last are luxuries for the exclusive use of stage-passen-gers.We hurry through our breakfast which really is not so bad aswe anticipated from former experience at this place, jump into ourseats, the driver calls all set , cracks his whip and off we go.Themorning is cold, dark and dispiriting; to offset this we know thatthe snow will pack the sand in the road and make travelling moreeasy; thank Heaven, we make the last fifty miles in season for thetrain which thundered in at the moment of our halting in front ofthe hotel.There wasn t a moment to lose.Our traps were slapped into thebaggage car and we took seats in the day car, there being no vacantberths in the sleeper.I had to sit up all night, a rather tedious pieceof business.November 10 1880.Wednesday.On the train with me, were Mr.Loring Jnr.[,] Herbert Thayer and Mr.Ramsey, who invited me to remain in the Pullman car with them,which I gladly did.Entering Omaha, we passed the outgoing passenger train of twentytwo cars, in two sections, each drawn by two locomotives.Everyseat was filled, the cars being occupied by the Land Excursionists,drawn into this country by the R-R.companies to examine the opencountry which is so soon to be settled up.These excursionists ar-rived in Omaha for a whole week, at the rate of from 700 to 3.000per diem.The following editorial, clipped from the Omaha (Neb,) Herald, ofDecember 5 1880, expresses in a perfectly correct, altho not very 148 MORE STAFF DUTIESspecific way, the injustice of the claim made by Sect.Schurz for thecredit of the present condition of affairs among the Indians of theRed Cloud and Spotted Tail bands.Schurz Pretensions and the Army s Per-formance.The report of the Hon.Secretary of the Interior justpublished, makes a very interesting exhibit of the presentcondition and progress of the Indian tribes on our north-ern frontier.It would seem as though that period had beenreached when the results of good management and civiliz-ing influences would have their proper and practical influ-ence.The extension over the tribes now on reservations ofthe jurisdiction of the courts, would be doubtless a mostbeneficial thing, not less for the whites than for the Indiansthemselves.In considering the report of the Secretary, however, oneis impressed with the idea that all the beneficent thingsaccomplished for the Indians have been done solely bythe Interior Department.There is no mention anywhere ofthe work performed by the army in this most difficult andperplexing task.The Secretary of the Interior does not evenadmit that there is any use of an army on the frontier.Heapparently does not know that there are a vast number ofmilitary posts in the west maintained expressly for the pres-ervation of peace with the Indians.He does not state that hehas opposed the abandonment of posts in the Department ofthe Platte, because they are essential to the maintenance ofsecurity and good orders near the Indian agencies.His reportmakes no acknowledgement [sic] of the services renderedby the Army in endeavoring to uphold the authority andcontrol of the Interior Department over the Indians, andwithout which assistance such control must have been anutter failure.He fails to mention that the Indian police forceat Pine Ridge and Rosebud, was made a possible thing by theprevious enlistment under General Crook of many of theseIndians, an employment which the Interior Department,through its agents and inspectors, did its utmost to prevent.Nevertheless, Gen.CROOK succeeded in enlisting many ofthem to aid him against the more hostile tribes, and the faith FORT NIOBRARA AND THE NEW AGENCIES 149he kept with them as to remuneration for their services,made the police force now maintained at the agencies, whichis considered by the Secretary so valuable an auxiliary intheir advancement, an easy thing to accomplish.The Secretary does not mention the violent oppositionof the Interior Department, through Commissioner HOYT[sic],11 to the plan of having the Indians haul their own sup-plies from Rosebud Landing, which they are now doing suc-cessfully.An officer of the Army, who was acting as agent atthe time for SPOTTED TAIL s bands urged this course uponthe commissioner, and finally it was adopted, though againstthe wishes of the Indian Bureau, which saw one of the fatthings of the Indian service thus slip out of its hands
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